We also find significant time-varying risk premiums in the considered futures market, while the premium is of greater magnitude and more significant with increasing maturity of the contracts. Empirical estimates, obtained using monthly data, suggest the biasedness of futures quotes as a predictor of the future spot rate for contracts with maturities of two and three months. Using futures contracts with maturities of one, two and three months, we examine the unbiasedness of futures quotes as a predictor of the future spot exchange rate as well as the nature of time-varying risk premiums in this emerging market. This paper explores the relationship between currency futures and realised spot rates for the Indian rupee US dollar exchange rate. Therefore, the quantification of fumonisin after the post-harvest treatments is strongly suggested to avoid maize contaminated above the legal limit to enter the food/feed chain. This study confirms the variation in detectable FBs occurring after the drying treatment. A possible retrogradation of starch, and in particular amylose, after heating has been proposed in this study these changes seemed to be strongly related to the modifications in detectable fumonisin. Regarding chemical composition, proteins and starch resulted unvaried, while fat content had a mean decrement of 26% and 14% after treatment at 70 ☌ × 24 h and 95 ☌ × 9 h, respectively. In general, both free and total FBs increased after drying, especially at 70 ☌ for 24 h exposure. Drying treatments reduced fungal incidence in particular, both temperature × time combinations were able to reduce more than 85% Fusarium spp. Maize samples were analysed for fungal incidence, kernel chemical composition (proteins, fat, starch) and free and hidden forms of fumonisins (FBs) pre- and post-drying treatments.

Two different conditions were tested (70 ☌ × 24 h and 95☌ × 9 h) on 6 maize hybrids collected in 2010 in Italy. The drying process is commonly applied to maize grain to guarantee a safe storage.

The selfish gene